Hi mirocha,
Sorry to hear you had problems. Thanks for taking the time to post.
A common problem with USB cables is a broken shield. You might test the previous (and new) cable with an Ohm meter from shell to shell. By specification it should be 0.6 ohms or less. Check without flexing the cables near the connectors and then after flexing the cable. Ironically flexing the cable can sometimes "fix" the shield connection.
Please keep us updated.