a photos showing all of the boards in your machine will help
from the limited view it looks like another version of this board
which powers a 3 axis stepper board like this
if you have a seperate power supply and stepper driver board
I would disconnect the DC supply wires from the stepper drivers to see if the power supply is faulty
a faulty stepper driver could be overloading the power supply
John
PS
you may find the stepper driver power supply circuit is like this
unless the bridge rectifier marked in red on your original picture is damaged
I expect a faulty stepper driver is over loading the power supply and blowing the fuse