The problem originally started on the Z axis and is now happening on the X axis after I switched the driver around.
I've swapped the DIR and pulse signals around and the problem stays with the driver regardless of which control pins from the C10 that are used. This includes moving them to pins 8 and 9 which were otherwise unused. The problem followed the driver.
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This was a previously working setup that I purchased...when I got it home, the Z axis was acting like this.